{"id":10030,"date":"2022-04-21T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-04-20T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/engie-copro.my\/explore\/explainer\/e-fuels-what-are-they\/"},"modified":"2026-05-18T12:37:35","modified_gmt":"2026-05-18T10:37:35","slug":"e-fuels-what-are-they","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.engie.com\/en\/explore\/explainer\/e-fuels-what-are-they\/","title":{"rendered":"E-fuels, what are they?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n<div id=\"block_0b81cea1b8b579a1d1da88b9b1bc0abb\" class=\"cp-edito-herobanner relative teq-container  noBg z-0 !pt-[115px] lg:!pt-[150px]\">\n    <!--<div class=\"auras-bg  w-screen left-1\/2 -translate-x-1\/2\" data-color=\"soft\"><\/div>-->\n    <div class=\"teq-grid relative z-0\">\n        <div class=\"col-span-12  px-0 lg:col-start-2 lg:col-span-10 hero-top\">\n\n            <div class=\"teq-grid\">\n                <div class=\"col-span-12 desktop-only  \">\n                    <nav role=\"navigation\" aria-label=\"breadcrumb\" class=\"mb-24 cp-breadcrumb desktop-only\">\n            <ol id=\"custom-breadcrumb\" class=\"nj-breadcrumb\"><li class=\"nj-breadcrumb__item\"><span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.engie.com\/en\/\" class=\"nj-link nj-link--sm nj-link--grayed nj-link-icon\">\n        <span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"material-icons\">\n            home\n        <\/span>\n        <span class=\"nj-sr-only\">\n            Home\n        <\/span>\n     <\/a><\/li>  <li class=\"nj-breadcrumb__item\" aria-current=\"page\">E-fuels, what are they?<\/li><\/span><\/ol>    <\/nav>                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n                            <div class=\"title mt-4\">\n                    <h1 data-trad class=\"nj-heading--2xl nj-weight--bold flex flex-col \">\n                        <p>E-fuels, what are they?<\/p>\n                    <\/h1>\n                <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"infos flex flex-wrap items-center gap-16 mt-32\">\n\n                                    <div class=\"tags flex flex-wrap gap-8 items-center\">\n                        <div class=\"nj-tag nj-tag--sm bordered nj-tag--green\">\n    <p class=\"nj-tag__text force-dark\" data-trad>\n        Mobility    <\/p>\n<\/div>\n    <!--\n    <div class=\"nj-tag\">\n        <p class=\"nj-tag__text\">tag<\/p> <span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"nj-tag__icon nj-icon-material material-icons\">check<\/span>\n\n    <\/div>\n    -->\n\n                    <\/div>\n                \n                                    <div class=\"time flex gap-4 items-center whitespace-nowrap nj-color--signature\">\n                        <span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"material-icons nj-icon-material nj-icon-material--blue\">schedule<\/span>\n                        <span data-trad>Published on<\/span> <span class=\"lowercase\" data-trad> 21 Apr. 2022<\/span>\n                    <\/div>\n                \n                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"teq-grid  lg:mt-80 relative w-[100vw] left-1\/2 !pb-0 -translate-x-1\/2 toPin px-0 z-10\">\n        <div class=\"img col-span-12 nj-bg--dark mt-8 lg:mt-0 relative\">\n            <div class=\"nj-fluid-progress-bar absolute -top-[6px] left-0 w-[90%] lg:w-[75%]\"><\/div>\n                        <div class=\"flex justify-center items-center w-full nj-bg--ultramarine py-0 lg:py-[164px] lg:h-screen media-c\">\n                <div class=\"w-full h-full lg:h-screen overflow-hidden\">\n                    <div class=\"w-full h-full lg:h-screen overflow-hidden relative\">\n\n                                                    \n                            <picture class=\"block w-full h-full scale-[1.3] media scale-125 \" style=\"margin:  0 auto\">\n                                <source media=\"(max-width: 767px)\"\n                                    srcset=\"https:\/\/www.engie.com\/app\/uploads\/2026\/02\/MicrosoftTeams-image_0.jpg\" \/>\n                                <source media=\"(min-width: 768px)\"\n                                    srcset=\"https:\/\/www.engie.com\/app\/uploads\/2026\/02\/MicrosoftTeams-image_0.jpg\" \/>\n                                <!--TODO AMBRE if zoom ajotuer classe : open-modal-zoom cursor-pointer  -->\n                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"w-full h-full object-cover\"\n                                    loading=\"eager\"\n                                    fetchpriority=\"high\"\n                                    src=\"https:\/\/www.engie.com\/app\/uploads\/2026\/02\/MicrosoftTeams-image_0.jpg\"\n                                    alt=\"\" \/>\n                            <\/picture>\n\n                        \n                        \n                        \n                        <div class=\"transcription hidden\" data-video=\"\" data-video-webm=\"\">\n                                                    <\/div>\n\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"block_632ba30d446d38ed6f57f06c361a2c6d\" class=\"cp-introdution teq-container relative nj-aura nj-aura--white\">\n    <div class=\"teq-grid\">\n        <div class=\"col-span-6 lg:col-start-3 lg:col-span-8 2xl:col-span-6 2xl:col-start-4 relative top text-center\">\n                        <div class=\"nj-heading--sm relative z-10 nj-color--grey-1000\" data-trad data-trad-html>\n                <div class=\"el-wysiwyg data-trad\">\n    <p>E-fuels, like e-methane, e-kerosene and e-methanol, are all fuels in gas or liquid form that are produced from renewable (solar or wind power, for example) or decarbonised electricity. This raw material differentiates them from biofuels, which are primarily produced from biomass.\u00a0By drastically reducing the harmful emissions associated with combustion engines, e-fuels play a key role in decarbonisation strategies. Taking their whole production cycle into account, their carbon footprint is a lot lower than oil-based fuels.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            \n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"block_d395cf07911e5eb21730cbf6e2df76d8\" class=\"cp-wysiwyg teq-container nj-aura nj-aura--white\">\n    <div class=\"teq-grid \">\n        <div class=\"col-span-6 xl:col-start-2 xl:col-span-10 lg:col-start-1 lg:col-span-12 \">\n                        <div class=\"teq-wysiwyg\">\n                <div data-trad data-trad-html><h2>How are they produced?<\/h2>\n<p>It all depends on whether the desired end product is in gas or liquid form:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>gas e-fuels:<\/strong> renewable hydrogen and e-methane, which can both be liquefied later, to produce liquid H2 and e-GNL respectively.<\/li>\n<li><strong>liquid e-fuels: <\/strong>like e-methanol and e-crude, also known as synthetic crude oil, which make e-kerosene and e-diesel.<\/li>\n<li><strong>gas or liquid form:<\/strong> synthetic ammonia.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Depending on the form or the e-fuel required, either a Power-to-Gas or Power-to-Liquid process is used. Both of these production processes involve two or three phases, with first of all hydrogen (H2) production by water electrolysis from renewable electricity, associated with another molecule &#8211; CO<sub>2<\/sub> for e-crude and synthetic methane or methanol, or nitrogen (N2) for synthetic ammonia. Synthetic crude oil must be refined (like fossil oil) to produce synthetic kerosene or diesel.<\/p>\n<p>E-methane, e-methanol, e-diesel and e-kerosene are synthetic hydrocarbons, so their production processes require CO<sub>2<\/sub>. This vital element can either be captured directly from the atmosphere or taken from industrial plants that use fossil fuels. Different sources of CO<sub>2<\/sub> (biomass, industry, air) have an impact on the synthetic fuel&#8217;s lifecycle analysis, environmental benefits and production cost.<\/p>\n<p>An alternative method of synthetic crude oil production is high temperature H<sub>2<\/sub>O\/CO<sub>2<\/sub> co-electrolysis. As it does not require the input of renewable hydrogen, CO<sub>2<\/sub> being introduced at the beginning, the process is a stage shorter. This is an advantage as it improves productivity (by up to 30%) and, in theory, reduces investment costs. However, the technology is not yet very mature and most initial production projects opt for hydrogen production by low temperature electrolysis in their first phase.<\/p>\n<h2>What are the applications of e-fuels and in what time frame?<\/h2>\n<p>Heavy mobility accounts for about <a href=\"https:\/\/www.planete-energies.com\/en\/medias\/close\/global-transportation-sector-co2-emissions-rise\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a quarter of global CO<sub>2<\/sub> emissions<\/a>. With this in mind, and at a time when electricity would appear to be the future of road transport, e-fuels have a key role to play, particularly in the maritime and air transport sectors for which decarbonisation cannot be achieved solely through electrification.<br \/>\nE-fuels have the advantage of using the same infrastructure as their fossil equivalents (petrol, diesel, kerosene, methanol or natural gas). Putting them in competition with biofuels, which offer the same advantage.<br \/>\nIt is estimated that by 2070 e-kerosene will meet 40% of aviation energy demand. And what about other sectors &#8211; maritime, rail and road? Hydrogen will be part of the solution. One lead involves producing a synthetic fuel from green hydrogen and CO<sub>2<\/sub> captured from industrial emitters. There are many initiatives underway worldwide, all trying to produce green e-fuels at an increasingly competitive price. In the North Sea for example, two projects are being developed to produce synthetic methanol to fuel ships.<\/p>\n<h3>Two key families of e-fuel<\/h3>\n<p>E-fuels are separated into two main categories, depending on the final product, whether gas or liquid:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Power-to-Gas: synthetic methane and ammonia.<\/li>\n<li>Power-to-Liquid: synthetic methanol, crude oil, kerosene and diesel.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"block_1b85f5aa491a5b7e6fa17abaea3efd74\" class=\"cp-ai-questions teq-container nj-aura nj-aura--white relative\">\n        <div class=\"teq-grid top\">\n            <div class=\"col-span-12\">\n                <div class=\"flex justify-center mb-16 eva\">\n                    <svg width=\"55\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 55 24\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n    <path\n        d=\"M40.8014 17.1059L38.5783 11.0303C38.4688 10.7608 38.3551 10.4408 38.2372 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