{"id":10079,"date":"2021-10-27T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-10-26T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/engie-copro.my\/explore\/explainer\/green-hydrogen-production-how-does-it-work\/"},"modified":"2026-05-04T14:01:24","modified_gmt":"2026-05-04T12:01:24","slug":"green-hydrogen-production-how-does-it-work","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.engie.com\/en\/explore\/explainer\/green-hydrogen-production-how-does-it-work\/","title":{"rendered":"Green hydrogen production: how does it work?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n<div id=\"block_caee31bdfbfb5c96dca36df129d3f144\" class=\"cp-edito-herobanner relative teq-container  noBg z-0 !pt-[115px] lg:!pt-[150px]\">\n    <!--<div class=\"auras-bg  w-screen left-1\/2 -translate-x-1\/2\" data-color=\"soft\"><\/div>-->\n    <div class=\"teq-grid relative z-0\">\n        <div class=\"col-span-12  px-0 lg:col-start-2 lg:col-span-10 hero-top\">\n\n            <div class=\"teq-grid\">\n                <div class=\"col-span-12 desktop-only  \">\n                    <nav role=\"navigation\" aria-label=\"breadcrumb\" class=\"mb-24 cp-breadcrumb desktop-only\">\n            <ol id=\"custom-breadcrumb\" class=\"nj-breadcrumb\"><li class=\"nj-breadcrumb__item\"><span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.engie.com\/en\/\" class=\"nj-link nj-link--sm nj-link--grayed nj-link-icon\">\n        <span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"material-icons\">\n            home\n        <\/span>\n        <span class=\"nj-sr-only\">\n            Home\n        <\/span>\n     <\/a><\/li>  <li class=\"nj-breadcrumb__item\" aria-current=\"page\">Green hydrogen production: how does it work?<\/li><\/span><\/ol>    <\/nav>                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n                            <div class=\"title mt-4\">\n                    <h1 data-trad class=\"nj-heading--2xl nj-weight--bold flex flex-col \">\n                        <p>Green hydrogen production: how does it work?<\/p>\n                    <\/h1>\n                <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"infos flex flex-wrap items-center gap-16 mt-32\">\n\n                                    <div class=\"tags flex flex-wrap gap-8 items-center\">\n                        <div class=\"nj-tag nj-tag--sm bordered nj-tag--green\">\n    <p class=\"nj-tag__text force-dark\" data-trad>\n        Hydrogen    <\/p>\n<\/div>\n    <!--\n    <div class=\"nj-tag\">\n        <p class=\"nj-tag__text\">tag<\/p> <span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"nj-tag__icon nj-icon-material material-icons\">check<\/span>\n\n    <\/div>\n    -->\n\n                    <\/div>\n                \n                                    <div class=\"time flex gap-4 items-center whitespace-nowrap nj-color--signature\">\n                        <span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"material-icons nj-icon-material nj-icon-material--blue\">schedule<\/span>\n                        <span data-trad>Published on<\/span> <span class=\"lowercase\" data-trad> 27 Oct. 2021<\/span>\n                    <\/div>\n                \n                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"teq-grid  lg:mt-80 relative w-[100vw] left-1\/2 !pb-0 -translate-x-1\/2 toPin px-0 z-10\">\n        <div class=\"img col-span-12 nj-bg--dark mt-8 lg:mt-0 relative\">\n            <div class=\"nj-fluid-progress-bar absolute -top-[6px] left-0 w-[90%] lg:w-[75%]\"><\/div>\n                        <div class=\"flex justify-center items-center w-full nj-bg--ultramarine py-0 lg:py-[164px] lg:h-screen media-c\">\n                <div class=\"w-full h-full lg:h-screen overflow-hidden\">\n                    <div class=\"w-full h-full lg:h-screen overflow-hidden relative\">\n\n                                                    \n                            <picture class=\"block w-full h-full scale-[1.3] media scale-125 \" style=\"margin:  0 auto\">\n                                <source media=\"(max-width: 767px)\"\n                                    srcset=\"https:\/\/www.engie.com\/app\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Header_production_H2.jpg\" \/>\n                                <source media=\"(min-width: 768px)\"\n                                    srcset=\"https:\/\/www.engie.com\/app\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Header_production_H2.jpg\" \/>\n                                <!--TODO AMBRE if zoom ajotuer classe : open-modal-zoom cursor-pointer  -->\n                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"w-full h-full object-cover\"\n                                    loading=\"eager\"\n                                    fetchpriority=\"high\"\n                                    src=\"https:\/\/www.engie.com\/app\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Header_production_H2.jpg\"\n                                    alt=\"\" \/>\n                            <\/picture>\n\n                        \n                        \n                        \n                        <div class=\"transcription hidden\" data-video=\"\" data-video-webm=\"\">\n                                                    <\/div>\n\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"block_a9b30d757b9450d203b98d4f531c9abe\" class=\"cp-introdution teq-container relative nj-aura nj-aura--white\">\n    <div class=\"teq-grid\">\n        <div class=\"col-span-6 lg:col-start-3 lg:col-span-8 2xl:col-span-6 2xl:col-start-4 relative top text-center\">\n                        <div class=\"nj-heading--sm relative z-10 nj-color--grey-1000\" data-trad data-trad-html>\n                <div class=\"el-wysiwyg data-trad\">\n    <p>How to produce renewable hydrogen How much does it cost? What are the challenges? We explain everything, from renewable electricity to green hydrogen and electrolysis.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            \n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"block_77ae73fc84ac73d7de3106bade5398f0\" class=\"cp-wysiwyg teq-container nj-aura nj-aura--white\">\n    <div class=\"teq-grid \">\n        <div class=\"col-span-6 xl:col-start-2 xl:col-span-10 lg:col-start-1 lg:col-span-12 \">\n                        <div class=\"teq-wysiwyg\">\n                <div data-trad data-trad-html><h2>Green electricity is the first step of the production of green hydrogen!<\/h2>\n<p>There are three main sources of carbon-free electricity: water, the wind and the sun. Hydroelectricity is the primary source of renewable electricity in France and worldwide. This technique transforms the power of water into electric current in hydro power plants installed on natural water courses or dams. In second place is wind power (onshore or offshore), which is produced by transforming the kinetic power of the wind into mechanical energy, and then electricity, using wind turbines. Finally, solar electricity finishes in third place, thanks to farms of photovoltaic panels that convert light into electricity. This renewable energy can then be used to produce renewable hydrogen. OK. But how?<\/p>\n<h2>Producing green hydrogen from water\u2026<\/h2>\n<p>Indeed! Water molecules (H<sub>2<\/sub>O) contain hydrogen (H). The H<sub>2<\/sub> is separated from the O in a process called the electrolysis of water. Electrolysis is THE technique used to produce hydrogen that consists of <strong>\u201cbreaking\u201d the water molecules using an electric current in an electrolyzer<\/strong> in order to extract the dihydrogen H<sub>2<\/sub>. <strong>The electricity must itself be carbon-free in order to consider this hydrogen as green or renewable.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>Key figure<\/h3>\n<p>A hydrogen-fuelled car consumes <strong>1 kg<\/strong> per 100 km.<\/p>\n<h2>Is the electrolysis of water the only way to produce green hydrogen?<\/h2>\n<p>No! There is another technique. <strong>Pyro-gasification<\/strong> consists of heating organic matter (wood biomass, end-of-life wood, crop residue, etc.), plus various forms of carbon-containing waste (solid recovered fuel, old tyres, non-recyclable plastic, dried sludge from wastewater treatment plants, etc.) to temperatures between 900\u00b0C and 1,200\u00b0C in the presence of a small quantity of oxygen. This process extracts a complex gas containing hydrogen. Since this solution is still emerging, electrolysis currently remains the most common technique.<\/p>\n<h2>What is the difference between green hydrogen and low-carbon hydrogen?<\/h2>\n<p>The difference lies in their carbon weight, or the quantity of greenhouse gases emitted when they are produced, which in turn depends on the energy used. <strong>When exclusively renewably-sourced electricity is used (hydraulic, wind power, or solar) for electrolysis, then the hydrogen is green, also said \u201crenewable\u201d<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>On the other hand, <strong>low-carbon hydrogen<\/strong> is produced either by:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>vaporeforming natural gas<\/strong> (which consists of \u201cbreaking\u201d the methane molecule at 700\u00b0C using catalysts) <strong>with CO<sub>2<\/sub> capture and storage<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>electrolysis with electricity from the grid<\/strong>, if it is decarbonised enough.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>What are the challenges of producing green hydrogen?<\/h2>\n<p>The main obstacle to the development of renewable hydrogen is its <strong>production cost<\/strong>. How can this cost be reduced? <strong>Through industrialisation and the large-scale deployment of electrolysis<\/strong>. This is the reason why the French Environment and Energy Management Agency (ADEME) recommends <em>\u201csupporting the development of renewable sources of electricity (hydraulic, wind power or solar) by deploying electrolyzers to produce hydrogen, especially in the industrial and heavy transport sectors\u201d<\/em>. The French State\u2019s hydrogen strategy plans to promote this industrialisation by supporting the production of electrolyzers by small and medium-sized companies and major groups throughout the country.<\/p>\n<h3>The impact of electrolyzers on costs<\/h3>\n<p>Electrolyzers play a key role in the development of hydrogen, because their design and build have a direct impact on costs. According to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irena.org\/publications\/2020\/Dec\/Green-hydrogen-cost-reduction\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2020 report of the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA)<\/a>1, <em>\u201cincreasing the size of electrolyzers to 20 MW (compared with 1MW currently) could cut costs by more than one third\u201d<\/em>. Increased production of cells and the optimisation of systems could also have a significant impact on costs. Still according to the IRENA, <em>\u201cthe road map required to limit global warming to 1.5\u00b0C could cut the cost of electrolyzers by about 40% by 2030\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>1: \u201cGreen hydrogen cost reduction\u201d, IRENA, December 2020<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"block_b491668dd9f812a14cdddc29140eb62b\" class=\"cp-ai-questions teq-container nj-aura nj-aura--white relative\">\n        <div class=\"teq-grid top\">\n            <div class=\"col-span-12\">\n                <div class=\"flex justify-center mb-16 eva\">\n                    <svg width=\"55\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 55 24\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n    <path\n        d=\"M40.8014 17.1059L38.5783 11.0303C38.4688 10.7608 38.3551 10.4408 38.2372 10.0703C38.1194 9.6998 38.0015 9.29981 37.8836 8.87035C37.7741 9.29981 37.6604 9.70401 37.5425 10.083C37.4246 10.4535 37.3109 10.7777 37.2015 11.0556L34.991 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